Common institutional investors and the quality of management earnings forecasts-Empirical and machine learning evidences.

Based on the data of the Chinese A-share listed firms in China Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2021, this article explores the relationship between common institutional investors and the quality of management earnings forecasts. The study used the multiple linear regression model and empirically found that common institutional investors positively impact the precision of earnings forecasts. This article also uses graph neural networks to predict the precision of earnings forecasts. Our findings have shown that common institutional investors form external supervision over restricting management to release a wide width of earnings forecasts, which helps to improve the risk warning function of earnings forecasts and promote the sustainable development of information disclosure from management in the Chinese capital market. One of the marginal contributions of this paper is that it enriches the literature related to the economic consequences of common institutional shareholding. Then, the neural network method used to predict the quality of management forecasts enhances the research method of institutional investors and the behavior of management earnings forecasts. Thirdly, this paper calls for strengthening information sharing and circulation among institutional investors to reduce information asymmetry between investors and management.

Is there a moderate range of impact of financialization on corporate R&D?

How to promote corporate research and development is a particularly important issue under the background of the economy being diverted out of the real economy. By selecting samples of 1221 Chinese A-share non-financial listed companies from 2010 to 2019, this paper examines the impact of financialization on research and development through the panel threshold regression model. Then, the moderate range of the impact of financialization on corporate research and development is measured, as well as their heterogeneity is also analyzed. The research shows the following results: first, there is a dynamic relationship and moderate range between financialization and corporate research and development. Financialization has a positive effect on corporate research and development when the level of financialization exceeds 0.4748. Secondly, from further heterogeneous research, financialization has a threshold effect on research and development among enterprises with a high level of research and development. In addition, there is a promoting effect on corporate research and development only when their financialization level exceeds 0.0097 in enterprises with a high level of research and development. Therefore, in order to promote corporate research and development, financialization of non-financial enterprises should make adjustment and regulation according to the action and direction of moderate range.

Escala de Manejo do Dinheiro na Conjugalidade (EMDC): construção e evidências de validade / Conjugality Money Managment Scale (EMDC): construction and validity evidence / Escala de Gestión del Dinero en la Conyugalidad (EMDC): construcción y evidencias de validez

O dinheiro pode ser um fator positivo e/ou negativo na conjugalidade, e a maneira como o casal gerencia os recursos influencia em diferentes aspectos da relação. Este estudo visa apresentar a construção e as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Manejo do Dinheiro na Conjugalidade (EMDC), elaborada para avaliar os estilos de manejo de dinheiro adotado por indivíduos em relacionamentos estáveis de coabitação: Manejo Independente ou Compartilhado. Participaram 280 homens e mulheres, brasileiros, em relacionamentos estáveis coabitando há, no mínimo, seis meses, sendo 76,4% (N = 214) residentes no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir das análises fatoriais confirmatórias, a escala resultou em 18 itens agrupados em quatro dimensões: Coesão financeira, Intimidade financeira, Infidelidade financeira e Partilha de bens. As análises permitiram identificar estrutura fatorial adequada e evidências de validade. A escala possui potencial para ser utilizada em pesquisa e na prática clínica no âmbito da conjugalidade. (AU)

The approach couples take to managing financial resources influences different aspects of the marital relationship, and this may correspond to a positive and/or negative factor in conjugality. This study aims to present the construction process and psychometric properties of the Conjugality Money Management Scale (CMMS), designed to evaluate the two possible approaches to money management that can be adopted by individuals in marital cohabitation relationships: Independent or Shared Management approaches. The sample size was 280 participants, including Brazilian men and women, 76.4% (N = 214) living in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The confirmatory factorial analyzes resulted in a scale of 18 items, classified into four dimensions: Financial Cohesion, Financial Intimacy, Financial Infidelity, and Asset Sharing. The analyses indicated adequate factorial structure and validity evidence. The scale presents the potential of applicability in research and clinical practice in the context of marital relationships. (AU)

El dinero puede ser un factor positivo y / o negativo en la conyugalidad, y la manera en que una pareja administra sus recursos influye en distintos aspectos de la relación. En este estudio se buscó presentar la construcción y las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Gestión del Dinero en la Conyugalidad (EMDC), diseñadas para evaluar los posibles estilos de administración del dinero adoptados por individuos en relaciones estables de convivencia: Gestión Independiente o Compartida. Participaron de la muestra 280 hombres y mujeres de Brasil, en relaciones estables con un mínimo de seis meses de convivencia, con 76.4% (N = 214) con residencia en la provincia de Rio Grande do Sul. Los 18 ítems resultantes de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios fueron agrupados en cuatro dimensiones: cohesión financiera, intimidad financiera, infidelidad financiera y distribución de activos. Los análisis permitieron identificar una estructura factorial adecuada y evidencias de validez. La escala presenta potencial de aplicabilidad para ser utilizada en investigaciones y prácticas clínicas en el ámbito de las relaciones matrimoniales. (AU)

Finance 101 for Physicians.

Although physicians enjoy extensive educational backgrounds, financial planning typically is not a significant component of the curricula they have completed. As a result, many physicians could benefit from greater financial acumen, and their preparation for retirement might be lacking in light of their relatively high-income levels. This article by a private wealth advisor with 29 years of industry experience provides physicians with the basic building blocks to understand and manage their finances. It focuses on 3 pillars of financial planning: (1) protecting themselves, their families, and their assets; (2) reducing their taxes; and (3) growing their wealth.

The experiences of merging health insurance funds in South Korea, Turkey, Thailand, and Indonesia: a cross-country comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Fragmentation in health insurance system may lead to inequity in financial access to and utilization of health care services. One possible option to overcome this challenge is merging the existing health insurance funds together. This article aims to review and compare the experience of South Korea, Turkey, Thailand and Indonesia regarding merging their health insurance funds. METHODS: This was a cross-country comparative study. The countries of the study were selected purposefully based on the availability of data to review their experience regarding merging health insurance funds. To find the most relevant documents about the subject, different sources of information including books, scientific papers, dissertations, reports, and policy documents were studied. Research databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct and ProQuest were used to find relevant articles. Documents released by international organizations such as WHO and World Bank were analyzed as well. The content of documents was analyzed using a data-driven conventional content analysis approach and all details regarding the subject were extracted. The extracted information was reviewed by all authors several times and nine themes emerged. RESULTS: The findings show that improving equity in health financing and access to health care services among different groups of population was one of the main triggers to merge health insurance funds. Resistance by groups enjoying better benefit package and concerns of workers and employers about increasing the contribution rates were among challenges ahead of merging health insurance funds. Improving equity in the health care financing; reducing inequity in access to and utilization of health care services; boosting risk pooling; reducing administrative costs; higher chance to control total health care expenditures; and enhancing strategic purchasing were the main advantages of merging health insurance funds. The experience of these countries also emphasizes that political commitment and experiencing a reliable economic growth to enhance benefit package and support the single national insurance scheme financially after merging are required to facilitate implementation of merging health insurance funds. CONCLUSIONS: Other contributing health reforms should be implemented simultaneously or sequentially in both supply side and demand side of the health system if merging is going to pave the way reaching universal health coverage.

Billing, coding, and practice management: a primer for today's reproductive medicine professional.

Despite years of recognition that many physicians are woefully unprepared to face challenges regarding the business of medicine, marginal progress has been made. In this piece, we aim to provide the contemporary reproductive medicine physician with an understanding of billing, coding, and, most importantly, cost containment for a typical fertility practice. It is critical for modern practices to not forego hard-earned revenue to insurance companies or not be aware of critical rules and regulations. While running a successful fertility practice requires good medical care, a profitable practice is necessary for overall long-term success. This article provides a brief history of medical insurance and billing, explains the process of updating billing codes, and reviews the revenue cycle, cost containment, and contract negotiations with insurance companies.

Graduate medical education funding mechanisms, challenges, and solutions: A narrative review.

BACKGROUND: With increased attention on the federal budget deficit, graduate medical education (GME) funding has in particular been targeted as a potential source of cost reduction. Reduced GME funding can further deteriorate the compensation of physicians during their residency training. METHODS: In order to understand the GME funding mechanisms and current challenges, as well as the value of the work accomplished by residents, we searched peer-reviewed, English language studies published between 2000 and 2019. RESULTS: Direct and indirect GME funding is intended to support resident reimbursement and the higher costs associated with supporting a teaching program. However, policy efforts have aimed to reduce federal funding for GME. Furthermore, evidence suggests that residents are inadequately compensated because their salaries do not reflect the number of hours worked and are not comparable to those of other medical staff. CONCLUSIONS: Our review suggests that creative solutions are needed to diversify GME funding and improve resident compensation.

Optimal Allocation of Societal HIV Prevention Resources to Reduce HIV Incidence in the United States.

Objectives. To optimize combined public and private spending on HIV prevention to achieve maximum reductions in incidence.Methods. We used a national HIV model to estimate new infections from 2018 to 2027 in the United States. We estimated current spending on HIV screening, interventions that move persons with diagnosed HIV along the HIV care continuum, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and syringe services programs. We compared the current funding allocation with 2 optimal scenarios: (1) a limited-reach scenario with expanded efforts to serve eligible persons and (2) an ideal, unlimited-reach scenario in which all eligible persons could be served.Results. A continuation of the current allocation projects 331 000 new HIV cases over the next 10 years. The limited-reach scenario reduces that number by 69%, and the unlimited reach scenario by 94%. The most efficient funding allocations resulted in prompt diagnosis and sustained viral suppression through improved screening of high-risk persons and treatment adherence support for those infected.Conclusions. Optimal allocations of public and private funds for HIV prevention can achieve substantial reductions in new infections. Achieving reductions of more than 90% under current funding will require that virtually all infected receive sustained treatment.

Financial fluency: demystifying accounting and business planning for the reproductive medicine specialist.

In today's ever-changing business climate, reproductive health specialists are realizing that financial fluency is key to growing and maintaining a successful practice. Although financial fundamentals such as accounting may seem complex, both academic and private practice reproductive specialists who understand these topics can benefit in making business decisions for their practices. We describe the key financial fundamentals that reproductive health specialists should know, including basic concepts of finance and accounting, payments and receivables, capital budgeting, and business planning, and interpreting balance sheets, income statements, and cash-flow statements.

Social and financial efficiency: Institutional characteristics of the partner organizations of Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund.

Efficiency analysis of the Partner Organizations can benefit all the microfinance sector's key stakeholders to benchmark the current scene and formulate optimal policy agenda. This study seeks to measure the partner organizations of the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund's social and financial efficiency and to identify causes and sources of their inefficiencies. A non-parametric technique known as Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to investigate the Partner Organizations' efficiency throughout 2005-2015. The required data was obtained from the database of the Mix-Market and Pakistan Microfinance Network. The social and financial efficiency was estimated assuming Constant Return to Scale, Variable Return to Scale, and with respect to the Operational Scale of the Partner Organizations. Results revealed that the partner organizations are more scale efficient (median = 75%) than pure technically efficient (median = 55%). Further, graphical representations show a decreasing linear trend and negative serial correlation in the percentage of efficient partner organizations. The model fit results show that institutional characteristics that influence partner organizations' efficiencies significantly include their age, Operational Self-Sufficiency, personnel, loan officers, assets and debt. Finally, the diagnostic tests for endogeneity, heteroskedasticity, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence were performed.

Safeguarding cancer research funding by European charities amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 outbreak has affected cancer research and cancer care. European cancer charities need to reconsider strategies for safeguarding income and supporting cancer researchers, in times when sustaining cancer research funding is more crucial than ever.

Lack of Strategic Funding and Long-Term Job Security Threaten to Have Profound Effects on Cardiovascular Researcher Retention in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Australia. Investment in research solutions has been demonstrated to yield health and a 9.8-fold return economic benefit. The sector, however, is severely challenged with success rates of traditional peer-reviewed funding in decline. Here, we aimed to understand the perceived challenges faced by the cardiovascular workforce in Australia prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We used an online survey distributed across Australian cardiovascular societies/councils, universities and research institutes over a period of 6 months during 2019, with 548 completed responses. Inclusion criteria included being an Australian resident or an Australian citizen who lived overseas, and a current or past student or employee in the field of cardiovascular research. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 42±13 years, 47% were male, 85% had a full-time position, and 40% were a group leader or laboratory head. Twenty-three per cent (23%) had permanent employment, and 82% of full-time workers regularly worked >40 hours/week. Sixty-eight per cent (68%) said they had previously considered leaving the cardiovascular research sector. If their position could not be funded in the next few years, a staggering 91% of respondents would leave the sector. Compared to PhD- and age-matched men, women were less likely to be a laboratory head and to feel they had a long-term career path as a cardiovascular researcher, while more women were unsure about future employment and had considered leaving the sector (all p<0.05). Greater job security (76%) and government and philanthropic investment in cardiovascular research (72%) were highlighted by responders as the main changes to current practices that would encourage them to stay. CONCLUSION: Strategic solutions, such as diversification of career pathways and funding sources, and moving from a competitive to a collaborative culture, need to be a priority to decrease reliance on government funding and allow cardiovascular researchers to thrive.

Role of Business Models in Funding the Biotech Industry: Global Trends and Challenges for Cuban Biotechnology.

Forty-three years after it was founded, with billions of dollars invested, the global biotech industry is still not positioned as a mature low-risk sector for the international investor com-munity. Despite the clear commercial success of a number of leading companies and overall growth of the industry's rev-enues, most biotech companies are not profi table and many fail to overcome the formidable barrier constituted by the high cost of the sector's research and development. However, over the last four years, visible signs of change have appeared, which could be harbingers of an approaching turning point in this trend.This article analyzes the historic background of the biotech in-dustry's business models and corporate structures, as well as their impact on the industry's fi nancial framework. It examines recent changes implemented by the sector's main actors-in-cluding young startups, venture capital funds and big pharma companies-to mitigate fi nancial risk associated with develop-ment of new biotechnology products.Finally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities that these tendencies entail for Cuban biotechnology development and proposes adoption of business policies more tolerant of the fi nancial risk inherent in this sector, as a condition for at-tracting venture capital. KEYWORDS Biotechnology, fund raising, risk management, entrepreneurship, Cuba.